In this lesson we are going to study prepositional phrases with BY.
- by heart
E.g. When I was a student I learned a lot of poems by heart.
- by far
E.g. He is by far the most intelligent person in the room.
- by accident
E.g. She was so absent-minded that she put salt in the tea by accident.
- by chance
E.g. I found this interesting book in your attic by chance.
- by appointment
E.g. This doctor sees the patients by appointment only.
- by mistake
E.g. I am sorry I took your coat last night by mistake. I thought it was mine because they are both green. - by one’s side
E.g. My best friend has always been by my side during some of my most difficult times.
- by birth
E.g. He grew up in Romania but he is Italian by birth.
- by now
E.g. My friends should have arrived by now. I hope they haven’t had any trouble with their car. - by law
E.g. All restaurants must display their prices in the menu by law. - by word of mouth
E.g. Did you find your current home by word of mouth or on the internet?
- by cheque
E.g. Is it all right if I pay for this shopping by cheque?
- by hand
E.g. All our rugs are made in Turkey by hand.
- by the time
E.g. The sun had already set by the time he got home that evening.
- by surprise
E.g. His unexpected visit took her by surprise.
- by invitation
E.g. You can go to that event by invitation only. - by the arm/hand
E.g. He took her by the hand as they were walking along the road.
- by land/sea/air
E.g. My mother gets sick whenever she travels by sea. - by oneself
E.g. I like spending time by myself from time to time. - by the way
E.g. By the way, how did your meeting with the manager go
- by auction
E.g. I am selling my antique art collection by auction.
- by bus/train/plane etc.
E.g. Are you going to Rome by train or by plane?
- by nature
E.g. He didn’t like to do anything around the house. He was very lazy by nature. - by no means
E.g. It is by no means certain that they will finish building our house by November.
- by luck
E.g. She played badly but won the match by luck. - by the dozen
E.g. My mother always buys eggs by the dozen.
- by means of
E.g. They were able to afford the house by means of a bank loan. - by all accounts
E.g. By all accounts, Barcelona is a very interesting city.
- by day/night
E.g. He is a plumber by day and a watchman by night.
- by phone
E.g. You can reach me by phone or via e-mail.
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